Friday, March 29, 2013

Book Marketing: 9 Activities to Boost Your Author Career | The ...

There are millions of books out there, increasing in volume faster as the technology makes it easier to publish, so how do you stand out from the crowd?

crowdI don?t believe there is only one answer, but I do think you need to do something to get noticed, stand out from the crowd and get your book sales started. Here?s some different ideas from Dana Sitar, author of ?A Writer?s Bucket List?.

You know you?re supposed to write a blog and be active on social media. You?re following all the tips you?ve ever heard for marketing your books through these channels ? even trying the ones that contradict each other ? but you always wonder if you could do more. If you feel stuck in a rut and searching for new ways to build your platform and promote your books, here are nine ideas to add to your arsenal:

1. Enter a contest.

Placing in and winning contests add to your credits and, depending on the contest, can afford you great cash prizes and opportunities in your field, like attending a writers conference or having your work published in a major publication. Prestigious leaders in the industry often judge the right contests, so even if you don?t place, you have a chance to put your work in front of people you couldn?t otherwise touch.

Writing for contests can also be a great motivator for fiction writers. Where non-fiction writers often have assignments and deadlines to guide their writing habit, fiction writers often have to be more self-motivated. Contest themes can afford you inspiration when you?re feeling blocked, and the deadlines force you to adhere to a writing schedule.

2. Submit stories to literary journals.

Rather than pining away your whole life and betting your entire career on a novel, break into publishing with baby steps. Without worrying whether you?ll be accepted, start submitting short stories or poetry to literary journals. Working with editorial guidelines and learning to accept inevitable rejection will help steel you for other endeavors in publishing. Even if you never have a story published, the experience of submitting and the feedback you?ll occasionally receive from thoughtful editors will be invaluable for strengthening your creative and professional skills.

Some magazines will even pay for your stories, so this is a great way to build an additional income stream so you don?t have to rely on book sales.

3. Create digital products.

Use your writing skills to develop more than stories. Create a helpful ebook, manifesto, an e-guide, or an online course. These may come very late in your career as a way to impart your wisdom, or early on as a way to share your work and connect with new readers.

Get creative! Being an author doesn?t mean you have to create products to teach other authors. Create products that will help you reach your readers. Write a free manifesto from the point-of-view of your main character. Create an e-guide to the capital city in your fantasy world. Develop an online course to share tips and recipes in the style of cooking your characters are famous for. Diversifying the products you create will help you not only reach a broader audience but also broaden your own knowledge and your voice.

4. Produce a book trailer.

For at least one book you publish, write and produce a trailer video. I mean do it yourself ? or, at least, work very closely with the professional you hire to do it for you. Even if you don?t want to be responsible for this step for all of your books, going through the process at least once will help you develop new skills, and understanding it will prepare you to work with publishers on marketing future books.

Videos are a fantastic marketing tool, even when they?re marketing books. Developing a multi-media presence online will not only help you reach a wider audience but will also greatly enhance your appeal to the audience you already have.

5. Write a column for a newspaper or newsletter.

I know: You?re a fiction writer, not a journalist. But, why would people buy your book if they don?t know who you are? Maybe they?ll recognize your name from your book review column in the library?s newsletter, or your pontificating in the local weekly.

Even if the focus of your writing career is not on freelance news writing, you can make steady income and gain at least local recognition from a regular column (national or international if you work with an e-newsletter). Your column gives readers a chance to sample your writing and get to know you without investing additional time to read your blog or money to buy your books.

6. Meet other writers in person.

Some of the best education you?ll find in any art form comes from the people who are doing what you do ? or better, what you dream to do. Getting to know others who share and understand your interests and goals also comes with a unique comfort and camaraderie that even the most supportive group of non-writer friends or family can?t quite offer.

If you?re exclusively active in online forums, social media, or blogging, make an effort to connect in real life with some of the people you know online. You don?t have to shell out the time and money to attend a writers conference or retreat (though, those are also good options). Just pay attention to where your online friends are living or traveling, and send an occasional ?Let?s grab coffee? email when they?re in your area.

7. Find and keep a good critique partner.

You know the value of getting a second opinion on anything you write. That value increases greatly when the opinion comes from someone who understands your voice, style, and intentions well. Finding a skilled writer with whom to swap critiques throughout your career will do wonders for your writing and your brand. Start with finding a critique group in your area through (Meetup is a great place to start), or an online group like LadiesWhoCritique, and work with a few people to find your ideal partnership.

8. Generate an email list.

?Permission marketing? is the buzzword phrase of the day, and building an email list is its most basic manifestation. When a reader gives you an email address, they expect and welcome correspondence from you. It gives you an opportunity to make promises, which creates expectations, and keep them, which fosters goodwill, satisfaction, and loyalty.

Writing an email newsletter is one of the best ways to build an email list, because it allows you to offer something of value ? news, information, or just another way of connecting ? to your readers in exchange for permission to contact them. If your fan base is loyal enough, you may be able to get readers to sign up just to hear your news. If you?re still working to grow your audience, try offering an incentive to sign up ? many authors and bloggers offer a free item when readers join their list (your new digital product could come in handy here!)

9. Speak at live events.

Successfully capturing the attention of an audience ? or, even better, eliciting an emotional response like laughter or tears ? is one of the greatest highs you will experience in life. That massive payoff is probably why it?s so nerve-wracking for most people. Get through it a few times, and your self-confidence will soar through the roof.

Writers can too easily neglect live events, because we?re often quiet, behind-the-scenes people. We want our work to speak for itself. But stepping out in front of audience helps you connect with readers and potential readers in a more real, more memorable way. Live events also offer more pragmatic benefits: Readers will be more likely to purchase your paperback in person than online, where they can compare it to the cheaper ebook option, and meet-and-greets allow you to hand-sign copies of your book, turning them into personal mementos for your readers.

Do you have any advice or experience with these different ways of getting attention for your writing? Or any other suggestions? I?d love to hear from you in the comments below.

bucket listWant more ideas to boost your writing career and ignite your creativity? My latest book, AWriter?sBucketList is a launching point for all the possibilities of being a writer. Grab the PDF today, or signup to be notified shortly when the book is available for Kindle and paperback.

About the Author

Dana Sitar is a freelance blogger and author of ?AWriter?sBucketList?, 99 things to do for inspiration, education, and experience before your writing kicks the bucket. She shares resources, tips, and tools for writers in search of a path through the blog, books, and community at DIYWriting.

Top image: Flickr Creative Commons Alex Kess Raincoats

Source: http://www.thecreativepenn.com/2013/03/28/boost-your-author-career/

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Easter Ideas: 8 Quick And Easy Holiday Crafts Using Paper (PHOTOS)

One of our favorite things about making homemade holiday decorations is how we can personalize them to our specific style. But if you're a craft-lover who's been intimidated by tackling elaborate DIYs, we've got something more suited for your comfort level. Today's Easter ideas go back to the crafting basics: paper! From weaving together a basket made of brown grocery bags to creating confetti-filled pi?atas, the variety of projects you can create are endless. In the slideshow below, we've pulled together some of our favorite projects that bloggers have conjured up. Go on and take a look.

  • Paper Eggs

    These colorful <a href="http://craftandcreativity.com/blog/2013/03/12/papereggs/" target="_blank">paper eggs by Craft and Creativity</a> are perfect gifts and/or decorations for the Easter season.

  • Easter Chicks Candy Treats

    These chicks make for the most adorable treat packages to give your kids. <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N6fOl6OF3gM" target="_blank">The Kitchen Table Stamper</a> has all of the details for this craft.

  • Pi?ata Eggs

    In the mood for smashing something around? Well you might want to try making these super-easy pi?ata eggs. Head on over <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/25/easter-ideas-pinata-eggs_n_2945141.html" target="_blank">to our feature </a>of A Subtle Revelry's craft.

  • Tiny Flower Baskets

    Nothing reminds us of Easter more than a basket of spring flowers. These miniature paper baskets by Paper N Stitch are adorable Easter gifts for family and friends. Learn more <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/20/easter-ideas-tiny-flower-baskets_n_2902413.html" target="_blank">on our feature of the same craft</a>.

  • Paper Bag Easter Basket

    We all have some extra grocery bags lying around. So why not put them to use as baskets? Head on over <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/03/easter-craft-ideas-make-a_n_1398429.html" target="_blank">to our feature</a> of Ellinee's idea for more information.

  • Paint Chip Egg Garland

    Have some of these color swatches lying around? Turn them into a beautiful garland. <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/24/easter-ideas-diy-paper-egg-garland_n_2933455.html" target="_blank">Read our feature</a> of MPMK's idea for more information.

  • Paper Flower Eggs

    These paper flowers add a unique and elegant touch to the traditional egg. Read more <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/04/easter-craft-paper-flower-eggs_n_1401127.html" target="_blank">at our feature</a> on Such Pretty Things' Easter egg idea.

  • Finger Print Name Cards

    Our very own Editor Shana Ecker decided to share her adorable finger print name card craft for the Easter holiday. To learn how she made these, head on over <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/shana-ecker/easter-craft-diy-finger-print-name-cards_b_1403330.html" target="_blank">to our article for the inside scoop</a>.

If you want even more Easter ideas, check out our our board on Pinterest.

Have something to say? Check out HuffPost Home on Twitter, Facebook, Pinterest, Tumblr and Instagram.

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Do you have a home story idea or tip? Email us at homesubmissions@huffingtonpost.com. (PR pitches sent to this address will be ignored.)

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/27/easter-ideas-paper-crafts_n_2957631.html

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S&P 500 closes at a record high, beating '07 mark

NEW YORK (AP) ? The stock market has reached another milestone.

The Standard & Poor's 500 index closed at a record high Thursday, beating the mark it set in October 2007, a year before the peak of the financial crisis.

The S&P rose six points to 1,569, a gain of 0.4 percent, beating its previous record by four points. The index is still shy of its all-time trading high of 1,576.

The Dow Jones industrial average, which beat its own 2007 record three weeks ago, rose 52 points, or 0.4 percent, to 14,578.

The Nasdaq composite rose 11, or 0.3 percent, to 3,267.

Nearly two stocks rose for every one that fell on the New York Stock Exchange.

Volume was relatively light at 3.2 billion shares. Markets will be closed for Good Friday.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/p-500-closes-record-high-beating-07-mark-201022179--finance.html

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Thursday, March 28, 2013

Dana White?s latest video blog shows he is a fan of shooting guns, riding motorcycles and apple-picking

With no fight this week, UFC president Dana White released a video blog that shows what he and his "idiot friends" do when visiting his place in Maine. Yes, there's plenty of NSFW language. Take a look and see what White and his friends are up to, including:

1. Talk one friend into trying the spiciest hot sauce ever.
2. Blow things up.
3. Shoot guns while calling each other a nickname for a cat.
4. Apple-picking, though it doesn't look like they're picking honeycrisp apples, the finest of all apple varieties.
5. Milk goats in a way that looks pretty uncomfortable for the goat.
6. Drive motorcycles.

[Also: Nick Diaz can cry foul all he wants, but he's not getting a rematch with GSP]

And a little advice for Nick the Tooth. I was once told at an Indian restaurant, after eating very spicy food, that beer or soda pop are your best bets to cool a burning mouth.

Memorable Moments from Yahoo! Sports:

Other popular content on Yahoo! Sports:
? Top seeds L'ville, Kansas in the way of All-Big Ten Final Four
? Watch: Who could crash the Final Four?
? Report: Seahawks may have multiple trade partners for Matt Flynn
? NASCAR Power Rankings: A (Junior) Nation rises

Source: http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/mma-cagewriter/dana-white-latest-video-blog-shows-fan-shooting-164921000--mma.html

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Phil Mickelson Flop Shot Demonstration: Don't Blink!

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/03/phil-mickelson-flop-shot-demonstration-dont-blink/

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Supreme Court, in next gay marriage case, eyes federal law (reuters)

Share With Friends: Share on FacebookTweet ThisPost to Google-BuzzSend on GmailPost to Linked-InSubscribe to This Feed | Rss To Twitter | Politics - Top Stories News, News Feeds and News via Feedzilla.

Source: http://news.feedzilla.com/en_us/stories/politics/top-stories/294843872?client_source=feed&format=rss

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Anaheim General to close in May - The Orange County Register

ANAHEIM ? Anaheim General Hospital, which made a rare turnaround two years ago after a near-fatal loss of federal funds, will go out of business in May.

The closure will result in the loss of 142 hospital beds at a time when Orange County hospitals are preparing to serve more patients because of the federal Affordable Care Act.

A view of Anaheim General Hospital, which will close in May.

BRUCE CHAMBERS, ORANGE COUNTY REGISTER

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An announcement memo to employees Monday came two weeks after the state Department of Labor Relations fined the hospital's owner, Tustin-based Pacific Health Corp., more than $7 million for failing to pay wages, issuing checks that bounced and collecting insurance premiums but not paying for coverage.

In the memo, administrators gave employees 60 days' notice that the Ball Road hospital would close May 23.

"We would have preferred not to take this step, but all avenues to ensure continued operations have failed," wrote Brian Cotter, chief executive of Anaheim General.

In a letter sent Monday to the California Department of Public Health, Cotter told regulators that Anaheim General's affiliated skilled-nursing facility in Buena Park, which has 31 beds, will also close.

"I understand that anytime a hospital decreases services, the community is impacted," Cotter wrote. He promised that the hospital would work closely with the department "to insure a safe and effective plan of care for all our patients."

On Tuesday, the county's Emergency Medical Services department ordered ambulances to stop transporting patients to Anaheim General. Pacific Health said it would close the emergency department, also effective Tuesday.

The hospital owner issued a statement that cited the "especially challenging economic climate for all health-care providers."

"We issued the layoff notices to our employees with great regret, but we did so in order to comply with the federal regulations that require advance notification of pending loss of employment. It is our intention to resume services at Anaheim General at some time in the future," the statement read.

Anaheim, the county's largest city, has three other hospitals, including West Anaheim Medical Center, which is a little more than a mile from Anaheim General. But the closure comes at a time when the county's other 31 hospitals will need to serve more patients, said Julie Puentes, vice president for the Orange County office of the Hospital Association of Southern California.

"It is not good news any time you have an emergency room and acute-care capacity lost right when we're gearing up to serve more people and make sure that the population is able to access services," Puentes said. "It is a loss. And it is disappointing."

On Tuesday afternoon, Anaheim resident Christopher Montiel left the Anaheim General emergency room with his son, who injured his foot while playing at school. He said he was shocked to learn of the closure.

"A lot of people around here use the hospital," Montiel said. "I personally don't use it a lot, but I was glad to know that it was here. They're really courteous, and they were really fast with my son."

Most employees declined to be interviewed, but phlebotomist Rupal Desai said she's looking for another job.

"They had a big employee meeting yesterday, but I missed it," Desai said. "Someone called me last night and told me that they announced the hospital is closing."

The decision comes after years of patient safety violations and financial struggles that were followed by an unexpected recovery for the hospital.

In July 2009, federal officials yanked Medicare and Medi-Cal funding to the hospital after a series of failed inspections. On one occasion, inspectors found the hospital lacked medication in the operating room to treat a potentially fatal reaction to anesthesia and had unsafe medical equipment, including dirty baby warmers.

Such funding is vital to hospitals and is rarely pulled. When it is, hospitals often go out of business, as was the case with Martin Luther King Jr./Drew Medical Center in Los Angeles.

The withdrawal of funding came after a series of other setbacks for Anaheim General, including loss of accreditation by the Joint Commission and closure of the maternity ward.

In late 2010, after operating without any payment from government insurers, Anaheim General regained federal funding. The turnaround took place after the hospital replaced 18 of 22 managers. The staff of 320 at the time underwent extensive training in infection control, preventing patient falls and medication safety.

But about six months later, in the spring of 2011, the hospital was for sale because it was losing money every month. Pacific Health declined to disclose an asking price or say how much money Anaheim General was losing.

In August 2012, Pacific Health took another financial hit when it agreed to pay the federal government $16.5 million after admitting to recruiting homeless people from Skid Row in Los Angeles to undergo unnecessary medical procedures that were billed to the government.

Prosecutors said Pacific Health admitted that from 2003 to 2008, three of its hospitals paid more than $2.3 million in kickbacks to recruiters who sent homeless people to fill hospital beds. Medicare and Medi-Cal paid nearly $16 million for their treatment.

In Orange County, Pacific Health also owns Newport Specialty Hospital, which provides long-term care in Tustin.

Earlier this month, the Department of Labor Relations fined Pacific Health $524,300 for late payment and payment of wages with nonsufficient funds. It also imposed a $6.5 million penalty on the company for failing to provide complete and accurate itemized wage statements to employees.

Contact the writer: 714-796-3686 or cperkes@ocregister.com


Source: http://www.ocregister.com/articles/hospital-501344-anaheim-general.html

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UCSB summit draws key leaders to discuss innovations in energy efficiency science and technology

UCSB summit draws key leaders to discuss innovations in energy efficiency science and technology [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Mar-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Mikaela Mennen
mikaela@iee.ucsb.edu
805-893-5496
University of California - Santa Barbara

The 2013 Summit on Energy Efficiency will bring together leading experts to discuss the latest innovations in materials science and technology for energy generation, energy storage, lighting, and electronics

Leaders in research, entrepreneurs, and key policymakers from industry, academia, and government will convene at the 2013 Summit on Energy Efficiency, May 1 2. Hosted by UC Santa Barbara's Institute for Energy Efficiency, the Summit provides a forum for a critical dialogue about how advancements in materials science and technology can meet future energy needs through efficiency improvements.

"We are all aware of the energy crisis that we as a society are facing. The goal of the Summit is to gather experts and policy leaders, discuss the latest science and technology for energy efficiency and renewable energy, and to stimulate everyone to think in new ways," said Dr. John Bowers, Director of the Institute for Energy Efficiency.

This year's summit, held at The Fess Parker Resort in Santa Barbara, has attracted high-profile panelists who are leading major research and development efforts in energy efficiency and materials science. Space is limited and early registration rates end on April 5th. Registration is available online at iee.ucsb.edu/summit2013.

This year's Summit program emphasizes the theme of "Materials for a Sustainable Energy Future," featuring an opening keynote on materials science innovations by Steven Chu, outgoing U.S. Secretary of Energy. Featured keynote speakers also include: Michael McQuade of United Technologies Corporation; George Crabtree, Director of the newly established DOE Battery Hub at Argonne National Laboratory; and Kateri Callahan President of the Alliance to Save Energy.

Guest panelists from Soraa, Cree, Intel, Ciena, Pellion Technologies, Southern California Edison, PG&E, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Research Laboratory, MIT, Yale, and UC Santa Barbara will lead discussions on the following topics: Materials for Energy Technology; Innovations in Solid-State Lighting; Information and Communications Technology; Electrochemical Energy Storage Technology; Utilities discussion on Energy Efficiency; High Efficiency Power Electronics

"We want to be in an environment where government subsidies are not needed; where energy efficiency is purely driven by technology, and that's why events like this are very important," commented Ramamoorthy Ramesh, former Director of the DOE SunShot Initiative at the 2011 Summit.

###

About the Institute for Energy Efficiency at UC Santa Barbara

UC Santa Barbara's Institute for Energy Efficiency is an interdisciplinary research institute dedicated to the development of cutting-edge science and technologies that support an efficient and sustainable energy future. The Institute's research activities leverage the considerable expertise of U.C. Santa Barbara's highly acclaimed faculty, scientists, engineers and researchers. By fostering collaborations, sponsoring research, and expediting the commercialization of new technologies, the Institute is a key driver of significant advances in energy efficiency. Learn more at iee.ucsb.edu.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


UCSB summit draws key leaders to discuss innovations in energy efficiency science and technology [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 27-Mar-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Mikaela Mennen
mikaela@iee.ucsb.edu
805-893-5496
University of California - Santa Barbara

The 2013 Summit on Energy Efficiency will bring together leading experts to discuss the latest innovations in materials science and technology for energy generation, energy storage, lighting, and electronics

Leaders in research, entrepreneurs, and key policymakers from industry, academia, and government will convene at the 2013 Summit on Energy Efficiency, May 1 2. Hosted by UC Santa Barbara's Institute for Energy Efficiency, the Summit provides a forum for a critical dialogue about how advancements in materials science and technology can meet future energy needs through efficiency improvements.

"We are all aware of the energy crisis that we as a society are facing. The goal of the Summit is to gather experts and policy leaders, discuss the latest science and technology for energy efficiency and renewable energy, and to stimulate everyone to think in new ways," said Dr. John Bowers, Director of the Institute for Energy Efficiency.

This year's summit, held at The Fess Parker Resort in Santa Barbara, has attracted high-profile panelists who are leading major research and development efforts in energy efficiency and materials science. Space is limited and early registration rates end on April 5th. Registration is available online at iee.ucsb.edu/summit2013.

This year's Summit program emphasizes the theme of "Materials for a Sustainable Energy Future," featuring an opening keynote on materials science innovations by Steven Chu, outgoing U.S. Secretary of Energy. Featured keynote speakers also include: Michael McQuade of United Technologies Corporation; George Crabtree, Director of the newly established DOE Battery Hub at Argonne National Laboratory; and Kateri Callahan President of the Alliance to Save Energy.

Guest panelists from Soraa, Cree, Intel, Ciena, Pellion Technologies, Southern California Edison, PG&E, U.S. Department of Energy, Ames Research Laboratory, MIT, Yale, and UC Santa Barbara will lead discussions on the following topics: Materials for Energy Technology; Innovations in Solid-State Lighting; Information and Communications Technology; Electrochemical Energy Storage Technology; Utilities discussion on Energy Efficiency; High Efficiency Power Electronics

"We want to be in an environment where government subsidies are not needed; where energy efficiency is purely driven by technology, and that's why events like this are very important," commented Ramamoorthy Ramesh, former Director of the DOE SunShot Initiative at the 2011 Summit.

###

About the Institute for Energy Efficiency at UC Santa Barbara

UC Santa Barbara's Institute for Energy Efficiency is an interdisciplinary research institute dedicated to the development of cutting-edge science and technologies that support an efficient and sustainable energy future. The Institute's research activities leverage the considerable expertise of U.C. Santa Barbara's highly acclaimed faculty, scientists, engineers and researchers. By fostering collaborations, sponsoring research, and expediting the commercialization of new technologies, the Institute is a key driver of significant advances in energy efficiency. Learn more at iee.ucsb.edu.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/uoc--usd032713.php

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?Working Hard Is a Skill You Have to Nurture?

“Working Hard Is a Skill You Have to Nurture”Getting comfortable is unavoidable if there's any sort of routine in your life. As such, it's easy to become content or lazy, and as web craftsman Chris Shiflett points out, it takes a conscious effort to keep that from happening.

That's not to say that there's nothing wrong with being efficient?if you ever discover an easier way to do something, by all means do it! It's more about approaching all of your work with the same level of vigor and effort, so when you really need to work hard, you'll be more than up for the task at hand.

After all, inspiration is for amateurs.

Working Hard | swissmiss

Photo by Greg Epperson(Shutterstock).

Source: http://feeds.gawker.com/~r/lifehacker/full/~3/6l_IMiJt5Qc/working-hard-is-a-skill-you-have-to-nurture

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Cancer biologists find DNA-damaging toxins in common plant-based foods

Mar. 27, 2013 ? In a laboratory study pairing food chemistry and cancer biology, scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center tested the potentially harmful effect of foods and flavorings on the DNA of cells. They found that liquid smoke flavoring, black and green teas and coffee activated the highest levels of a well-known, cancer-linked gene called p53.

The p53 gene becomes activated when DNA is damaged. Its gene product makes repair proteins that mend DNA. The higher the level of DNA damage, the more p53 becomes activated.

"We don't know much about the foods we eat and how they affect cells in our bodies," says Scott Kern, M.D., the Kovler Professor of Oncology and Pathology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. "But it's clear that plants contain many compounds that are meant to deter humans and animals from eating them, like cellulose in stems and bitter-tasting tannins in leaves and beans we use to make teas and coffees, and their impact needs to be assessed."

Kern cautioned that his studies do not suggest people should stop using tea, coffee or flavorings, but do suggest the need for further research.

The Johns Hopkins study began a year ago when graduate student Samuel Gilbert, working in Kern's laboratory, noted that a test Kern had developed to detect p53 activity had never been used to identify DNA-damaging substances in food.

For the study, published online February 8 in Food and Chemical Toxicology, Kern and his team sought advice from scientists at the U.S. Department of Agriculture about food products and flavorings. "To do this study well, we had to think like food chemists to extract chemicals from food and dilute food products to levels that occur in a normal diet," he says.

Using Kern's test for p53 activity, which makes a fluorescent compound that "glows" when p53 is activated, the scientists mixed dilutions of the food products and flavorings with human cells and grew them in laboratory dishes for 18 hours.

Measuring and comparing p53 activity with baseline levels, the scientists found that liquid smoke flavoring, black and green teas and coffee showed up to nearly 30-fold increases in p53 activity, which was on par with their tests of p53 activity caused by a chemotherapy drug called etoposide.

Previous studies have shown that liquid smoke flavoring damages DNA in animal models, so Kern's team analyzed p53 activity triggered by the chemicals found in liquid smoke. Postdoctoral fellow Zulfiquer Hossain tracked down the chemicals responsible for the p53 activity. The strongest p53 activity was found in two chemicals: pyrogallol and gallic acid. Pyrogallol, commonly found in smoked foods, is also found in cigarette smoke, hair dye, tea, coffee, bread crust, roasted malt and cocoa powder, according to Kern. Gallic acid, a variant of pyrogallol, is found in teas and coffees.

Kern says that more studies are needed to examine the type of DNA damage caused by pyrogallol and gallic acid, but there could be ways to remove the two chemicals from foods and flavorings.

"We found that Scotch whiskey, which has a smoky flavor and could be a substitute for liquid smoke, had minimal effect on p53 activity in our tests," says Kern.

Liquid smoke, produced from the distilled condensation of natural smoke, is often used to add smoky flavor to sausages, other meats and vegan meat substitutes. It gained popularity when sausage manufacturers switched from natural casings to smoke-blocking artificial casings.

Other flavorings like fish and oyster sauces, tabasco and soy sauces, and black bean sauces showed minimal p53 effects in Kern's tests, as did soybean paste, kim chee, wasabi powder, hickory smoke powders and smoked paprika.

Funding for the study was provided by the National Institutes of Health's National Cancer Institute (CA62924) and the Everett and Marjorie Kovler Professorship in Pancreas Cancer Research.

In addition to Kern, Gilbert and Hossain, other scientists involved in the research include Kalpesh Patel, Soma Ghosh, and Anil Bhunia from Johns Hopkins.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Johns Hopkins Medicine, via Newswise.

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Journal Reference:

  1. M. Zulfiquer Hossain, Samuel F. Gilbert, Kalpesh Patel, Soma Ghosh, Anil K. Bhunia, Scott E. Kern. Biological clues to potent DNA-damaging activities in food and flavoring. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2013; 55: 557 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.058

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Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/rIaA_10aDzM/130327163302.htm

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Monday, March 25, 2013

Insight: Little optimism for breakthrough in Thailand's forgotten jihad

By Andrew R.C. Marshall

DUKU, Thailand (Reuters) - Rusnee Maeloh slept through the 30-minute gunfight that killed her husband, but her neighbors in the notoriously violent Bacho district of southern Thailand heard distant explosions and feared the worst.

Mahrosu Jantarawadee, 31, was Rusnee's childhood sweetheart, the father of their two children, and part of a secretive Islamic insurgency fighting a brutal nine-year war with the Thai government that has killed more than 5,300 people.

Mahrosu died with 15 other militants while attacking a nearby military base in Bacho district on February 13. Acting on a tip-off, Thai marines repelled the attack with rifle fire and anti-personnel mines. "He died a martyr," said Rusnee, 25, dabbing her eyes with a black headscarf.

Just over two weeks later, the Thai government agreed on peace talks in neighboring Malaysia with the insurgent group Barisan Revolusi Nasional (National Revolutionary Front, or BRN). Although the first round is set for Thursday, there has been no halt in the fighting and people in the region see no early end to one of Southeast Asia's bloodiest conflicts.

In a rare interview, an operative for BRN-Coordinate, a faction blamed for most of the southern violence, told Reuters the talks were "meaningless" and "tens of thousands" of Malay-Muslims would fight on.

An older generation of insurgent leaders has struggled to control young jihadis like Mahrosu, said the operative, nicknamed Abdulloh. This raises doubts over the BRN's ability to meet the Thai government's key initial demand at the talks: stop the escalating bloodshed.

Thailand is dominated by Thai-speaking Buddhists, but its three southernmost provinces are home to mostly Malay-speaking Muslims. They have chafed under the rule of faraway Bangkok since Thailand annexed the Islamic sultanate of Patani a century ago. The latest and most serious violence erupted in the early 2000s.

"This round of talks will not result in any formal deals," said Paradorn Pattanathabutr, secretary-general of the National Security Council (NSC), Thailand's lead agency in the process. "We will ask them to reduce violence towards certain groups and soft targets."

More insurgents were killed during the Bacho raid than in any other single clash since April 2004. But even this rare defeat revealed their growing military sophistication, the depth of local support they enjoy, and their links to Malaysia - long an insurgent safe haven and source of bomb-making materials and other supplies, say security analysts.

POORLY UNDERSTOOD

Thailand's southern provinces are only a few hundred miles from Phuket and other tourist destinations, but the insurgency is poorly understood, partly because it doesn't fit the pattern. Long-running sub-national conflicts are usually found in weak or failing states, not along the border of two prospering allies in a fast-developing region.

Thailand's homegrown jihad also rarely blips on the global security radar. That's because the militants have no proven operational link to Al Qaeda or regional terror groups such as the Indonesia-based Jemaah Islamiya, although they do boast a secretive, cell-like structure and are partly driven by post-9/11 jihadi zeal.

The militants, who number in the low thousands, are ranged against 66,000 soldiers, police and paramilitary forces spread across a conflict area half the size of Israel. Like their U.S. counterparts in Afghanistan, Thai soldiers face a ruthless enemy sheltering amid a largely hostile Muslim population.

Their pitiless response has further fueled the insurgency. The dispersal by soldiers and armed police of a protest at Tak Bai town in 2004 led to deaths of 85 Muslim men and boys, mostly by suffocation, after they were stacked four or five deep in army trucks.

Mahrosu Jantarawadee symbolizes the divide between Muslims and Buddhists in southern Thailand - a martyr to some, a murderer to others. He was born, killed and buried in Bacho, an area of rice fields and rubber plantations the Thai military calls a "red zone" of insurgent activity.

Hundreds of mourners cried "God is great!" at his funeral in Duku village. Mahrosu's family and neighbors believe he died while fighting a holy war against a Thai government whose harsh assimilation policies have suppressed their religion, language and culture.

Mahrosu is no hero to the authorities or to the relatives of his alleged victims. The Thai military links him to an eight-year streak of gun and bomb attacks that killed at least 25 people. Sometimes, said the military, he shot his victims and then set their bodies alight. His mug shot appears on posters at heavily fortified police stations across the region.

One of his alleged victims was teacher Cholatee Jarenchol, 51, shot twice in the head in front of hundreds of children at a Bacho school on January 23. The children included Cholatee's seven-year-old daughter. "She's scared she'll be killed next," her mother Fauziah, 47, said.

Cholatee was one of at least 157 teachers killed by suspected insurgents since 2004, ostensibly for being government employees.

STUBBORN

Mahrosu was advised not to attack the Bacho military base, said Abdulloh, the BRN-C operative. A wiry man in his sixties dressed in a tracksuit and sneakers, Abdulloh met Reuters in a teashop in Yala, the capital of Yala province, in a shabby neighborhood known locally as "the West Bank".

Like many militants, Abdulloh hides in plain sight in the towns of the region, although he kept the meeting brief and clutched a bag that he said concealed a pistol.

"He wouldn't listen to the elders," Abdulloh said, referring to Mahrosu. "They told him it was too risky to have so many fighters in one place. But he was stubborn and went ahead."

It was Abdulloh's task to monitor the movement of soldiers and police, and to liaise between militant cells and what he called "the elders". He said nine of the 16 dead, including Mahrosu, were "commandos" - well-equipped veterans who join forces with villagers to form platoon-strength units for big attacks.

The Bacho operation illustrated an insurgent attempt to "shift military operations to a higher level", said Anthony Davis, a Thai-based analyst at security consulting firm IHS-Janes. There are relatively fewer attacks than in previous years, but they are often better planned and more lethal, reflecting a "growing professionalization within insurgent ranks", Davis said.

The insurgents are also making more - and bigger - bombs. On March 15, just two weeks after the Malaysia talks were announced, a 100-kg device exploded beneath a pick-up truck carrying three policemen through Narathiwat province, flipping the vehicle and scattering body parts across the road. All three died on the spot.

In towns and villages, insurgents move about with surprising ease, considering the massive deployment of security forces, and pay discreet but regular visits to their families.

"He usually stayed for less than an hour," Rusnee said of Mahrosu. He was already on the run when they married in 2006. Many insurgents manage to raise families. Mahrosu and Rusnee have a six-year-old daughter and a 17-month-old son.

The ability to blend with the population also makes the militants a formidable enemy. Bacho-style insurgent attacks are logistically complex, said Thamanoon Wanna, commander of a Thai marine task force responsible for Bacho.

Weapons, ammunition and uniforms must be retrieved from multiple hiding places, then delivered to commandos arriving from all three war-torn provinces. "They have supporters in the village but right now we don't know who they are," Thamanoon said.

These militant cells have become "self-managed violence franchises", said Duncan McCargo, a British scholar of Thailand and the author of Tearing Apart the Land, a book on the southern conflict. How to rein them in will top the Thai government's agenda at this week's talks in Kuala Lumpur.

LINKS ACROSS BORDER

Malaysia established its role as a regional peacemaker after helping broker a deal between the Philippine government and Muslim rebels in October. Doing the same in southern Thailand is complicated by the fact that insurgents often seek refuge across a porous border in Malaysia. Those suspected links, which the Malaysian government denies, have periodically strained ties with Thailand.

Yet, bringing peace to southern Thailand without Malaysian help would be like ending Northern Ireland's "troubles" without the Republic of Ireland. "The Thais have got to stop demonizing Malaysia and be ready to work with them," McCargo said.

The BRN-C operative Abdulloh was pessimistic about the talks. The main insurgent delegate, Hassan Taib, who has identified himself as "chief of the BRN liaison office in Malaysia", has no control over the fighters, he said.

McCargo also questioned Hassan's credentials, saying: "The question is whether he can bring other people to the table." Historically, Thai governments have used dialogue to identify the movement's leaders and "then buy them off or get rid of them," said McCargo. "So you can understand why the militants are so suspicious."

Thailand's powerful military also has reservations. It has been lukewarm about the talks that confer legitimacy on an armed movement Thai generals have dismissed as more criminal than political.

The talks could encourage ethnic Malay Muslims in southern Thailand to express political aspirations Bangkok has long viewed as disloyal. Thailand's militants are often described as "separatists". But many southerners acknowledge that creating a tiny new Islamic republic sandwiched between Thailand and Malaysia is, as McCargo put it, "a fantasy".

Abdulloh, who is bullet-scarred from a decades-old gunfight with Thai troops, seemed to be one of them. He wanted the Thai government to apologize for past human rights abuses and recognize a "Malay homeland", but stopped short of demanding a separate state.

Even so, any solution will likely have to include greater autonomy for Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat. Thailand is highly centralized, with the governors of its 76 provinces appointed by Bangkok. The three southern border provinces were traditionally a dumping ground for venal or inept officials.

It's unclear whether Thailand will offer greater self-rule, or anything else that will make the process any more successful than a string of semi-secret dialogues since 2005.

Winning over locals in the hardest-hit areas could be the greatest challenge.

"Of course we welcome a peace agreement, if the Thais are sincere," said Zakaria bin Adbulrasid, whose 28-year-old son Barkih Nikming was also killed during the Bacho raid and given a martyr's burial in the nearby village of Cuwo. "But their promises of peace and justice are all lies."

(Editing by Bill Tarrant and Raju Gopalakrishnan)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/insight-little-optimism-breakthrough-thailands-forgotten-jihad-210849297.html

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The Supremes Tackle Gay Marriage

By MICHAEL FALCONE ( @michaelpfalcone )

NOTABLES

ON THE DOCKET: Two potentially transformative cases about gay marriage will be argued at the Supreme Court this week. Justices have set aside two days to hear arguments and will release audio arguments the same day, reports ABC's Ariane De Vogue. Both cases will be decided by the end of June. First up is a challenge to California's Proposition 8, the controversial ballot initiative that defines marriage as between a man and a woman. Although the court could rule more narrowly, this case asks the big question of whether there is a fundamental right to gay marriage. The Supreme Court will also hear a challenge to a federal law, the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) that defines marriage as between one man and a woman. The law denies federal benefits to same-sex couples who are legally married in their states. Unlike the Prop 8 case, the DOMA challenge does not address whether there is a fundamental right under the Constitution to gay marriage. http://abcn.ws/15Kp51S

THE PROP. 8 HURDLE: The original sponsors of Prop 8 - a group called Protectmarriage.com - are defending the law because California officials refused to do so. The Supreme Court will explore whether the proponents have the legal right to be in court. If the court finds that the original sponsors have no "standing," then the case comes to a screeching halt, and the court will not reach the merits of the case. Opponents of Prop 8 argue that "standing" requires an injury and proponents of Prop 8 cannot show they will be harmed if same-sex couples marry. "Proponents have never contended - and do not contend before this Court - that they would personally suffer any injury if gay men and lesbians were permitted to marry in California," write lawyers Theodore B. Olson and David Boies on behalf of gay couples who are challenging Prop 8. More details on the merits of the Prop. 8 case http://abcn.ws/15Kp51S and DOMA http://abcn.ws/YP8mXb from ABC's Ariane De Vogue.

KARL ROVE: 'I COULD' IMAGINE A GOP PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE SUPPORTING GAY MARRIAGE. Former George W. Bush deputy chief of staff Karl Rove told ABC's George Stephanopoulos Sunday on "This Week" that he can imagine a future Republican presidential candidate supporting gay marriage. When asked, "Can you imagine the next presidential campaign, a Republican candidate saying flat out I am for gay marriage?" Rove responded "I could." The vast majority of Republicans in Congress do not support same-sex marriage. Portman is the only sitting Republican senator to support same-sex marriage. http://abcn.ws/11AD5yF

THE BACKDROP: An ABC News-Washington Post poll released last week found that 58 percent of Americans support legalizing marriage for gay and lesbian couples, and in the past month, two heavy hitters in politics - former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and Republican Sen. Rob Portman of Ohio - announced their support of same-sex marriage.

THE ROUNDTABLE

ABC's RICK KLEIN: There's no use trying to take the real world out of the high court this time. Added to the fact that the nine justices themselves have quintessentially modern American families - divorces, single life, adopted kids - is the Los Angeles Times' report that Chief Justice John Roberts' lesbian cousin will be attending this week's hearings on gay marriage cases. Then there's the real political world, with Karl Rove saying on ABC's "This Week" yesterday that he can see a Republican candidate for president endorse gay marriage in time for 2016. The public has been dragging political leaders along on the issue for years now; recall it was less than a year ago that President Obama himself still opposed gay marriage. The Supreme Court is more insulated from societal shifts, but it's not immune from them, either. More of my analysis on the gay marriage issue: http://abcn.ws/16Slm5K

ABC's ARIANE DE VOGUE: This week gay rights advocates will head to the Supreme Court to hear Theodore Olson, a lawyer opposing Prop 8, argue for marriage equality at the Supreme Court. Olson's argument is as broad as can be, asking the court to recognize a right to gay marriage. But many gay rights advocates, who have worked behind the scenes for years, initially disagreed with Olson's strategy to take a challenge to a state ban (Prop 8, California) on gay marriage to the Supreme Court. They thought he was asking for too much too soon. Last week Linda Greenhouse, who won a Pulitzer prize for her New York Times coverage of the Court, said Olson was right, that his lawsuit has in fact had the effect of "speeding and enhancing public understanding" and support for marriage equality. She says this is due in part to the fact that the lower court held a trial on the issue and gave people the time to think through the issues. When asked about the early schism between gay rights advocates on a conference call last week, Chad Griffin of the Human Rights Campaign said the disagreement "is really water under the bridge." http://abcn.ws/11CbQUr

ABC's DEVIN DWYER: The coffin has been opened; autopsy performed. Now it's time for the Republican Party to start aggressively amassing new Twitter followers and Facebook friends like there's no tomorrow. So say two millennial conservatives and high-tech entrepreneurs leading the charge on the GOP makeover after Mitt Romney's failed 2012 campaign. "Whether it's Facebook, whether it's Twitter, whether it's something that isn't even popular yet, sort of augmented reality glasses - doesn't really matter what the tool is, it has to go toward the strategy of educating people and then getting them to the polls," Bret Jacobson, 33, a co-founder of the digital strategy group Red Edge, a told ABC News/Yahoo! News "Power Players" series. "I think it's really going to come down to the next presidential candidate," he added. "Probably the fastest way to reinventing a party is through sort of an insurgent candidate." Who is that candidate? Get their take: http://yhoo.it/ZkzDEk

ABC's SHUSHANNAH WALSHE: Over the weekend I spoke to Tomas Young and his wife Claudia Cuellar. After being paralyzed by a sniper's bullet in Iraq nine years ago Young has decided to end his life in the next few weeks. They are both astonishingly open and at peace with the process, only hoping to change attitudes about death and dying as well as continue to shine a light on their anti-Iraq war activism. A 33-year-old who has served his country bravely is not the type of person who should be out of options, but after nine years of struggling, he is simply sick of suffering. It was a heartbreaking interview, Young's voice is quite blurred and his wife jumps in when needed, but it is an incredibly important story about the aftermath of war.

WHAT WE'RE READING

"CHIEF JUSTICE'S LESBIAN COUSIN WILL ATTEND PROP. 8 HEARING," by the Los Angeles Times' Maura Dolan. Jean Podrasky, 48, a lesbian who wants to marry her partner, will be at Tuesday's U.S. Supreme Court hearing on Proposition 8 in seating reserved for family members and guests of Chief Justice John G. Roberts Jr. 'I am so excited,' said Podrasky, an accountant and the first cousin of the chief justice on his mother's side. 'I feel quite honored and overwhelmed.' Roberts is a conservative appointed by President George W. Bush in 2005. Podrasky, who is more liberal, said she rooted for his nomination to be approved by the U.S. Senate. 'He is family,' she said. Podrasky lives in San Francisco and usually sees Roberts only on family occasions. His mother is her godmother, whom she adores. She said Roberts knows she is gay and introduced her along with other relatives during his Senate confirmation hearing. She hopes he will meet her partner of four years, Grace Fasano, during their Washington visit. The couple flew to Washington on Sunday. 'He is a smart man,' she said. 'He is a good man. I believe he sees where the tide is going. I do trust him. I absolutely trust that he will go in a good direction.'" http://lat.ms/YyPvU8

"THIS WEEK" WEB EXTRAS:

-JIM MESSINA REFLECTS ON 'WHITE KNUCKLE' MOMENTS OF 2012 OBAMA CAMPAIGN. Jim Messina, President Obama's 2012 campaign manager, sat down with ABC News' MICHAEL FALCONE and answered viewer questions from Facebook in a Web exclusive after his appearance on the "This Week" roundtable yesterday. Messina looked back at the "white knuckle" moments of the 2012 campaign, reports ABC's Kaye Foley. "I think [it was] after the August debt-limit crisis, and August 2011 where our numbers were, you know, historically low, and then of course after the first debate when everyone was very, very concerned," he said. "Even then I believed we would win, both times, but there were definitely some white knuckle moments." Even as he reflects on the past year, it's clear he's also keeping an eye on the next presidential campaign and the potential Republican contenders. Watch the full Q&A with Messina: http://abcn.ws/16RJvJC

ABC NEWS: Looking ahead to 2016, do you think Republicans have a deeper bench to work with in terms of potential presidential candidates than the Democrats?

MESSINA: "I don't. I think their bench is problematic. If you look at the current standing of the Republican Party nationally, it's the lowest it's been in 30 years, in part because of positions they've taken on the issues. If you look at the 2012 primaries, Governor Romney was forced to go so far right in the primaries because of who the base of the Republican Party is that by the time he got to the general election, he couldn't get to the center. He took positions on immigration reform, on social issues like contraception that were incredibly damaging to him. And I think until the Republican Party deals with its internal fights, their nominees are going to have real problems."

-KARL ROVE SUGGESTS STEPHEN COLBERT MAY NEED 'ANGER MANAGEMENT. Karl Rove, Fox News contributor and former deputy chief of staff for President George W. Bush, says of comedian-satirist Stephen Colbert's interactions with Rove's bespectacled canned-ham likeness, "Ham Rove,": "He's an entertainer so he gets to be funny and exaggerate things and so forth. Though I have to admit, when he took out the knife and started stabbing it, I think he might need a little bit of professional counseling on his anger management issues."Rove joked "I don't know whether that was working out his inner feelings, or encouraging maybe someone to maybe mimic him or just sort of being funny. But there was a little bit of anxiety in his stabs there." Before joining the "This Week" roundtable, Rove sat down with ABC News' BENJAMIN BELL, answering a variety of viewer questions from Facebook, including what he thinks of George W. Bush's paintings, his career and his thoughts on the Iraq War 10 years later. Watch the full Q&A with Rove: http://abcn.ws/16RR0Al

ABC: What do you think of President Bush's paintings?

ROVE: "I have one. I have one of the original, first forty-threes. He painted my wife and our dogs. And he's pretty good. Particularly, I called him when Barney died. And he'd painted a picture of Barney, which I thought was really, you know, clearly from the heart."

MONDAY FOLLOW: The team behind the "This Week" web extras: Ben Bell ( @BenjaminBell) and Kaye Foley ( @KayeFoley)

BUZZ

DISSECTING OBAMA'S 'EVOLUTION' ON GAY MARRIAGE: In an interview with ABC News' Robin Roberts in May, President Obama stated his personal support for same-sex marriage, becoming the first president to back marriage publicly for gay and lesbian couples. "For me, personally, it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that I think same-sex couples should be able to get married," Obama told Roberts in May of 2012. While voicing his support at the time, the president said that he had no intention to "nationalize" the issue and hoped it would be left up to the states. In an interview with ABC News' George Stephanopoulos earlier this month, the president said he hopes the Supreme Court will grant same-sex couples the right to marry. When asked whether he could think of a compelling reason for states to bar same-sex marriage, he said "I can't, personally. I cannot." More from ABC's Arlette Saenz: http://abcn.ws/10cd43u

BLOOMBERG, NRA BRACE FOR SENATE SHOWDOWN ON GUNS. With the U.S. Senate slated to consider comprehensive gun legislation next month, two powerful voices on different sides of the gun debate - New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg and the National Rifle Association's Wayne LaPierre - are bracing for the upcoming legislative showdown on guns, notes ABC's ARLETTE SAENZ. Bloomberg's gun group, Mayors Against Illegal Guns, announced this weekend that it will pour $12 million into advertising in 13 key states to convince potentially persuadable Democratic and Republican senators to vote in favor of gun legislation, specifically focusing on the controversial universal background checks; a measure that an ABC News-Washington Post poll found is supported by 91 percent of the public. "We're trying to do everything we can to impress upon the senators that this is what the survivors want, this is what the public wants," Bloomberg said on NBC's "Meet the Press." "If 90 percent of the public want something, and their representatives vote against that, common sense says, they are going to have a price to pay for that." http://abcn.ws/ZhlszU

WOUNDED IRAQ VET PREPARES TO DIE. Tomas Young is "ready to go" as he puts it. After nine years of suffering and with his body quickly deteriorating he has decided to end his struggle. ABC's SHUSHANNAH WALSHE reports that Young, 33, was paralyzed from the chest down by a sniper's bullet in a battle in Sadr City, Iraq on April 4, 2004, less than a week after he got to the country. He had joined the Army just two days after September 11, 2001 and assumed he would be sent to Afghanistan. Now nine years after that battle he is choosing to end his suffering. He is in hospice care and getting ready to die. "I just decided that I was tired of seeing my body deteriorate and I want to go before it's too late," Young said in phone interview with ABC News from his home in Kansas City, Missouri. "I've been doing this for the past nine years now?and I finally felt helpless every day and a burden to the people who take care of me and that's why I want to go." Young and his wife Claudia Cuellar are receiving guests for a few more weeks. During that time, Young will say goodbye to friends and family and then will stop receiving medications, nourishment and water. They don't know how long it could be after that time he will die, but they believe it will be one to three weeks, but it could be as long as six weeks. Young and Cuellar have decided to go public with their story. First, in an article in the Kansas City Star because they want to change the perception on death and dying in this country as well as continue to shine a light on the anti-Iraq war activism Young has been focused on since becoming paralyzed. http://abcn.ws/10ctZmt

IN CASE YOU MISSED IT: ASHLEY JUDD HINTS AT SENATE RUN. Ashley Judd made a rare reference to her possible political aspirations today, saying her mother, country star Naomi Judd, can't wait to turn her garage into campaign headquarters. According to Cincinnati station WXIX-Fox 19, Judd spoke about her future while giving the keynote address at the American Counseling Association's 2013 conference at the Duke Energy Center in Cincinnati, which borders Kentucky. Judd also tweeted about her speech, saying, "Heartfelt thanks to American Counseling Assoc for having me as your Keynote Speaker today. Thank you for your dedication to hope & healing." According to the station, Judd referred to her potential campaign against Mitch McConnell and what is likely to be a large budget of attack ads, saying when she started counseling she didn't like to hear criticism, which she said was ironic because she's "about to get $40 million worth of it." http://abcn.ws/14i1xp1

IN THE NOTE'S INBOX

" JOBS PACKAGE A GOOD DEAL FOR ALL NEW MEXICANS," an Op-Ed by The Albuquerque Journal by GOP New Mexico Gov. Susana Martinez. "At the beginning of the session, I called on the Legislature to pass reforms making New Mexico more competitive with neighboring states. The mandatory cuts in Washington, D.C., will disproportionately hurt our state and while we will always fight to protect our labs and bases, we must simultaneously work to diversify our economy by building a stronger private sector. I'm pleased that by passing the New Mexico Jobs Package, we reached a bipartisan compromise that will help our economy grow by leveling the playing field with surrounding states. The New Mexico Jobs Package cuts the business tax rate from 7.6 percent to 5.9 percent. The 7.6 percent rate is the highest in the region and at 5.9 percent, New Mexico will be more in line with neighboring states. This will help attract new job-creating businesses to our state and help existing businesses grow." http://bit.ly/14iSDY7

WHO'S TWEETING?

@BenSherwoodABC: Auspicious day for @ABC. Roone Arledge: NYT crossword clue. @RobinRoberts: taxi Jeopardy clue.

@aterkel: Will Portman talks about his dad's evolution on marriage equality http://huff.to/16ThiCe via @samsteinhp

@kakukowski: Interesting read from WaPo and the RNC report being start of new beginning http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/can-republicans-learn-from-the-democrats/2013/03/22/ed980f40-9312-11e2-ba5b-550c7abf6384_print.html ?

@CrowleyTIME: Feels like we're seeing more and more leaked stories about US/CIA assistance to Syrian rebels-without much real escalation of involvement.

@ThePlumLineGS: Is Senator Inhofe going to build an igloo outside the Capitol again? RT @noltenc Total white out here. Is Al Gore coming to speak?

Also Read

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/note-supremes-tackle-gay-marriage-131204110--abc-news-politics.html

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Octomom Welfare Fraud Investigation: Is She Bilking the System?

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/03/octomom-welfare-fraud-investigation-is-she-bilking-the-system/

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Ford India takes flak for naughty (and offensive) print ads. Their advertising...

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?Torture? ? the new ?racism? (Powerlineblog)

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Parkinsons' drug helps older people to make decisions

Mar. 24, 2013 ? A drug widely used to treat Parkinson's Disease can help to reverse age-related impairments in decision making in some older people, a study from researchers at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging has shown.

The study, published today in the journal Nature Neuroscience, also describes changes in the patterns of brain activity of adults in their seventies that help to explain why they are worse at making decisions than younger people.

Poorer decision-making is a natural part of the aging process that stems from a decline in our brains' ability to learn from our experiences. Part of the decision-making process involves learning to predict the likelihood of getting a reward from the choices that we make.

An area of the brain called the nucleus accumbens is responsible for interpreting the difference between the reward that we're expecting to get from a decision and the reward that is actually received. These so called 'prediction errors', reported by a brain chemical called dopamine, help us to learn from our actions and modify our behaviour to make better choices the next time.

Dr Rumana Chowdhury, who led the study at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL, said: "We know that dopamine decline is part of the normal aging process so we wanted to see whether it had any effect on reward-based decision making. We found that when we treated older people who were particularly bad at making decisions with a drug that increases dopamine in the brain, their ability to learn from rewards improved to a level comparable to somebody in their twenties and enabled them to make better decisions."

The team used a combination of behavioural testing and brain imaging techniques, to investigate the decision-making process in 32 healthy volunteers aged in their early seventies compared with 22 volunteers in their mid-twenties. Older participants were tested on and off L-DOPA, a drug that increases levels of dopamine in the brain. L-DOPA, more commonly known as Levodopa, is widely used in the clinic to treat Parkinson's.

The participants were asked to complete a behavioural learning task called the two-arm bandit, which mimics the decisions that gamblers make while playing slot machines. Players were shown two images and had to choose the one that they thought would give them the biggest reward. Their performance before and after drug treatment was assessed by the amount of money they won in the task.

"The older volunteers who were less able to predict the likelihood of a reward from their decisions, and so performed worst in the task, showed a significant improvement following drug treatment," Dr Chowdhury explains.

The team then looked at brain activity in the participants as they played the game using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), and measured connections between areas of the brain that are involved in reward prediction using a technique called Diffusor Tensor Imaging (DTI).

The findings reveal that the older adults who performed best in the gambling game before drug treatment had greater integrity of their dopamine pathways. Older adults who performed poorly before drug treatment were not able to adequately signal reward expectation in the brain -- this was corrected by L-DOPA and their performance improved on the drug.

Dr John Williams, Head of Neuroscience and Mental Health at the Wellcome Trust, said: "This careful investigation into the subtle cognitive changes that take place as we age offers important insights into what may happen at both a functional and anatomical level in older people who have problems with making decisions. That the team were able to reverse these changes by manipulating dopamine levels offers the hope of therapeutic approaches that could allow older people to function more effectively in the wider community."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Wellcome Trust, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

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Journal Reference:

  1. Rumana Chowdhury, Marc Guitart-Masip, Christian Lambert, Peter Dayan, Quentin Huys, Emrah D?zel, Raymond J Dolan. Dopamine restores reward prediction errors in old age. Nature Neuroscience, 2013; DOI: 10.1038/nn.3364

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/Xj13SPpXrwY/130324152308.htm

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